The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil Essay Example

The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil Essay All good men face temptations. Some men may fall, but the choice to admit mistakes and become better for it is what matters most. In the stories of Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Chronicles of Nirvana: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, by C. S. Lewis, there are many examples of human nature between good and evil. These examples are portrayed by characteristics, symbols, and themes found throughout the story lines. In both stories, there is one idea in common that both authors used by means of symbols. On the other hand, there were also some unique differences. The good and evil of life and human nature clashing can be represented by attributes, symbols, and themes described In both stories. First, in both stories, each author addresses a particular attribute: while Hawthorne talks about fear, Lewis mentions forgiveness. Young Goodman Brown goes Into the forest to meet the devil In spite of the fact that his wife has prohibited It. From that point onward, Goodman Brown expresses his fear of the forest, which Is the devils domain and is described as a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, ND closed Immediately behind (Hawthorne 81). In the meantime, meeting with the devil brought him anxiety and fear, and eventually he lost his faith, mentioning, My Faith is gone (Hawthorne 86). Lewis, however, talks about forgiveness, showing Edmunds betrayal being forgiven by his brother and sisters as well as Aslant, the king of Nirvana. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Eternal Battle between Good and Evil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even though Edmund negotiated with the White Witch to make himself superior, and was betrayed and held hostage by the Witch. Aslant rescued him and brought Edmund to his siblings, saying, There is no need to talk to him about what is sat (Lewis 139). In this respect, it is clear to see that both stories have difference in attributes. Secondly, both stories deal with two similar types of symbols, which play a role In tempting characters. Regarding the story, Goodman Brown, the devil gives the staff, which is an evil one, to Goodman Brown so that he can move more quickly toward the ceremony to check his wife, Faith. The devil says, Sit here and rest yourself a while; and when you feel Like moving again, there Is my staff to help you along (Hawthorne 84). Without hesitation, Goodman Brown uses the maple stick and as as speedily out of sight as if he had vanished into the deepening gloom (Hawthorne 84). Similarly, Edmund barters away his siblings to the White Witch due to Turkish Delight, thinking that each piece was sweet and light to the very center and Edmund had never tasted anything more delicious. It made him warm, and very comfortable (Lewis 37). For these reasons, it is easy to see that both stories have similar symbols in tempting main characters. Last, both stories have different themes relating to religious background; Hawthorne ended up Illustrating Goodman Browns sadness and misery along with lilt; on the contrary, Lewis concluded with hope and happiness in life by redemption, similar to what Jesus Christ has done for all humankind. Even though willing to sacrifice himself in order to show tender mercy to Edmund in spite of the fact that he did not realize how important the sacrifice really was. After all, Edmund repented and was forgiven by his siblings. The author writes, Edmund shook hands with each of the others and apologized to each of them, and everyone said, thats all right (Lewis 139). At the end of the story, Edmund fought for Nirvana with his brother ND sisters, and they all found their kingdom that wonderful hall with the ivory roof and the west all hung with peacocks feathers and the eastern door which looks towards the sea, and thrones with endless Joy and happiness (Lewis 181). Contrary to this story, in the end, no matter if the moment in the forest was a real or dream, Goodman Brown keeps digging himself into his sorrow and grief after looking at humanity Satanism, his evil side, as reflected in the mirror of the real world. The author explains, Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder own upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers. When the family knelt down at prayer, he scowled and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned away (Hawthorne 89). For these reasons, both stories have different themes in ending. To sum up, attributes, symbols, and themes described in the two stories indicate the good and evil of life and human nature. In terms of attributes, Hawthorne mentions about fear by portraying Young Goodman Browns anxiety and fear of the forest and the devil. Lewis, however, remarks on forgiveness by describing the fact hat Aslant rescued Edmund although he betrayed all of his siblings. From a symbolic point of view, both characters, Goodman Brown and Edmund, had given into temptation. Goodman Brown uses the staff to travel faster, and Edmund eats Turkish Delight without caring about his siblings. From a standpoint theme, both authors have differences in making their novels endings. While Hawthorne ends up representing Goodman Browns constant feeling of guilt, Lewis makes conclusion with emphasizing hope and happiness from redemption by showing Clans will of sacrifice and Edmunds repentance.

Jelousy essays

Jelousy essays There are evil people in this world; greedy, manipulative, overbearing and jealous. Iago, in William Shakespeare's Othello, is an evil, malignant character. He uses people's goodness, integrity, and ignorance to get what he wants. When Othello's position is higher through character and status, Iago becomes jealous and decides that Othello must be eliminated. Iago is aware of the jealousy inside himself. Othello is a good man at heart, but is not aware of his evil and jealousy, and therefore will not be able to control it. Iago takes advantage of this and uses Othello's trust to manipulate Othello into revealing his true character. Iago, like any great manipulator, moves indirectly so he is never suspected. He uses Roderigo to get to Cassio, Desdemona, and Othello. Once the peace is disrupted, Iago moves directly to Othello. Everyone trusts Iago and believes that he is trying to do the best for them. Iago uses Roderigo to get Cassio in trouble with Othello. Since Roderigo is in love with Desdemona, "I confess it is my shame to be so found (of Desdemona)"(Act 1. Sc 3. Ln 360), Iago tells Roderigo that Cassio is in love with her and she in love with Cassio. "Desdemona is directly in love with him."(Act2. Sc1. Ln240) This upsets Roderigo and he is more prone to fight Cassio when told by Iago to do so. Roderigo does not just have Othello to compete with anymore; he has Cassio as well. Iago tells Roderigo that he can win Desdemona from Cassio by fighting and from Othello by following her to Cyprus. So Roderigo listens to and trusts the man, fights Cassio, sells his land and brings Iago to Cyprus. After the f ight Cassio is dismissed from his office by Othello. Iago wins. Cassio is in trouble, is no longer Othello's lieutenant and Iago is in Cyprus with Othello. He then moves in on Cassio. Cassio is another step closer for Iago's plan to cause Othello's demise. Iago convinces Cassio to ask Desdemona, Othello's wife, ...

The Surf Shoppe in the Cloud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Surf Shoppe in the Cloud - Assignment Example Their design of these data protection servers assure elimination of points of failure that can be recovered to an acceptable state and point in time in case of site loss, server or data. Following are some of the advantages of single highly protected servers: Centralization: They are centrally controlled and are held by a central administration. They architected with a central control design. They assist in administrating the entire set through a single central unit. Server is wholly responsible for access rights and resource allocation. Proper Management: All the resource files are stored and saved in the single destination. This makes file management real easy and locating files and accessing them becomes real easy. Back-Up and Recovery Possible: Since the entire data is saved and stored on the server, it makes it easy to make their back-ups. Backups do not have to be carried to every workstation. Alongside, if some unforeseen event or breakdown leads to data loss, it can be easily and efficiently recovered. Up gradation and scalability in client Server Head: Incase of the need of changes, they are easy to be made through simple server up gradation. If further any new changes are to be made or added, they can be made by making simple changes to the server. Accessibility: The server can be assessed remotely from various platforms in the network. Security: At the set up server time rules defining security and access rights are defined. However, the protected server incorporated by the Surf Shoppe Project Manager can face certain disadvantages. Some of them are following: Congestion in Network: When there are too many requests from the customers and server needs rapid enhancements, it can lead to congestion. As the total bandwidth of the network does not increase as the number of peers increase, overload can lead to breaking down of server. Not Robust: These single highly protected servers are very robust or strong. If the server fails, the whole network might g o down. Further, in case of abandonment of the server because of some error during file downloading, downloading gets affected altogether. Even no broken parts of the file can be accessed. Costly and Difficult to set up: The cost of their setup is real expensive since installing this type involves high cost and is equally complex to set up. It can only be done by professionals and consultants. (Davies, 2008; Commvault, 2013) 2. Provide a recommendation for the additional equipment they should have to guarantee high availability and reliable application, file, and print services (e.g., NAS, RAID, etc.). As an additional equipment to guarantee high availability and reliability of applications, NAS is highly recommendable. NAS stands for Network attached Storage. It is an additional storage volume accessible over a network. They are incorporate with all the essential features of a common personal computer based server. It can provide centralized back up, file sharing, print sharing and remote access. Just simply within the capacity of a single unit, NAS can be a centralized file, print server, backup target and a lot more. It also is capable of the following, Photo and video sharing. Surveillance System. Time machine support along with iTunes and iPhone applications. Website Hosting. Expansion enclosures. 3. Sam Ayam suggests that you consider using a private cloud concept for maintaining data confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) between the Surf Shoppe and MegaCorp

Global Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Finance - Assignment Example Lastly, information provision- the market provides information for firms in various countries on market situation, which helps in decision-making (Holton, pg.139-141). Bond offered on discount is that which is offered at less than its par or face value. Due to a bond’s maturity, discount is arrived at by deducting the market price from principal amount of the bond (Holton, pg.23). Ordinary shareholders may be paid dividend or not, preference shareholders must be paid dividend. In case of liquidation, preference shareholders are paid first while ordinary holders are paid last. Preference shares have a fixed amount of dividend; ordinary shares dividends are flexible depending on the company performance. Preference shares are callable and have no voting rights while ordinary shares are non-callable and have voting rights (Holton, pg.77-79). The three components include acceptance market, which are institutions with the specialty in accepting bills of exchange as the second signatories. Secondly, we have the bill market, which are intermediaries between the buyers and sellers of the bills. They at times do the discounting of the bills on their own accounts. The third component is the collateral loan market and it works in the form of loans and cash credits (Holton, pg.198). Futures are preferred at times over Forwards because they are traded publicly unlike forwards, who are only traded between two parties who are confidants; it involves transactions of securities in the future coupled with present agreements (Holton, pg.127). It is true that options can have a positive value despite being out of the money. This is possible as have been on American options which can be traded any time, the only condition is only that they must positive time premiums for them to trade at positive prices despite being out of the money (Holton, pg.217). Default risk on the other hand is

Analyze a story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze a story - Essay Example Her approach to her subject is quite diverse with respect to the locations and the variety of the crimes done by men to women. The paper seeks to analyze the story or article through the vivid presentation of the facts that the author is trying to say. At the initiation of the story, the author defines the boundaries of her analysis. She observes numerous atrocities occurring in various parts of the world but desists from tackling them with the reason that similar problems with the same magnitudes frequently occur in America. She claims that many people ignore the oppression existing at the very doorsteps of Americans, According to her; Americans suffer under the delusion that women in America have achieved equality. The real perception that she tries to tell her audiences is that they should not be complacent in the fight against inequality with respect to women. Instead of focusing on the problems of the world, Valenti throws a strong challenge to the contemporary Americans to stay focused and boldly face the atrocities beckoning at their door-steps. In addition, she tries to say that there is substantial progress that women movements have achieved in the past. However, she is skeptical about justifying that the prevalence of atrocities has halted. She emphatically says, â€Å"Women are still being raped, trafficked, violated and discriminated against -- not just in the rest of the world, but here in the United States† (Valenti 1). Through giving some of the recent examples of injustices such as the sexual assault of women in Colorado the author aims to open fresh wounds and induce the need for urgency in addressing the matter. The author introduced another dimension of perceiving the vulnerability of women to cases of injustices. She gives examples of instances where close colleagues and work partners have raped women. For instance, women serving in the military in Iraq are likely to become preys to fellow

The Culture of Italy Architecture, People and History

The Culture of Italy Architecture, People and History The main focus of this culture project will be the nation of Italy. Italy is a peninsula, with two main islands which include Sardinia and Sicily, located in south central Europe and extending into the Mediterranean Sea. Italy has a land mass, including the islands, of about 116,300 square feet. To get a better proportion in mind, Italy is only slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy is the land neighbor of several countries including Austria, France, San Marino, Slovenia, and Switzerland (Cia.gov). The country of Italy has a unique range when it comes to climate. In northern Italy, the weather is more extreme with temperatures dropping below freezing with snow typically blanketing the region. Southern Italy on the other hand has more a more moderate climate with warmer weather. Southern Italy is the less populated region, and despite the hot temperatures the area is more known for its rural areas and farming communities (GoAbroad.info). Throughout the nation, Italian cultur e is as alive today as it ever has been, but it goes back a long way. Evidence of human existence has been shown through recent excavations in Europe, which date back to the Paleolithic and Mesolithic time periods (Italy1.com). Italy is a nation rich in culture and customs, and this will be an interesting journey. 4C Archaeology To understand any culture, it is first important to get an understanding of the history of the location. One way to do this is to study from an archeological stand point. Archaeology is one of four subplots of Anthropology, and is the excavation, recovery, and analysis of remains of past human behavior. Archaeologists look for artifacts (such as tools, ceramics, textiles) to give them an idea of and show evidence for past human behavior. Italy, especially Northern Italy and around Rome, is rich in archaeological findings. Currently there about 56 active sites around Italy, which include sites in Pompeii and Rome. Rome may be the most well known area, because it is still populated today, but the ruins of Pompeii are full of findings of a civilization over 2000 years old. Pompeii (located near the present day Naples) was completely buried by a volcanic eruption that basically set all signs of life in stone for years ahead. The earliest signs of life show that this city was destroyed in 79 AD, which gives archaeologists insight to a city that was popular at the same time as the Roman Empire was at its peak. This site was left virtually untouched until about 1748 when one man found the site and would dig at random searching for treasure only for his own personal gain. Not until 1861 was the proper approach taken, and this included an extensive and systematic excavation led by an Italian appointed representative who was responsible for making plaster casts of the victims. Many objects are still being excavated to this day; these objects include paints (found still in the pottery), tiles, paintings, and floorings. The most interesting is the large amount of brothels found in the city (GoEurope.about.com). Photographer Corrine Gill captured some of the erotic images found, and below is one of her more famous pieces. 4D Culture Culture, in its simplest form, is a set of beliefs, ideas, behaviors that are shared and learned. The culture of Italy is a beautiful and unique one. From greetings to the food, Italian culture is something special. One really distinct difference between foreign and Italian culture is the way Italians will greet each other. The most common way to greet someone and see them off is with a light kiss on each cheek. This practice will usually seem strange to a foreigner and Italians expect this and most Italians will usually stick to the typical handshake to make the outsider feel more comfortable. Another aspect of this culture that may seem strange to foreigners is the way Italians dress. A foreigner will be the obvious stand out if they have not dressed in the same, up to date fashion as the rest of the culture. Italians of all ages typically dress in the same way, following the newest trends and fashion codes. The only real clothing restrictions come when you are entering a church or sometimes even a museum, there will typically be written rules for proper attire (ItalyHeaven.com). Growing up in a mostly Italian family, I know the part of Italian culture that is most important to me: food. Italy has nearly 20 different regions, all of which have their own style of food. Food is a great tradition in Italy, and this is usually paired with a love of wine. Wine is not looked at in the same light in Italy as it is in America. In Italy, wine is the typical drink to have paired with a fine Italian meal. An example of when a large meal would be prepared would be after a funeral. The whole family would be together, and they would celebrate the life of the lost loved one together. An Italian funeral is a beautiful ceremony that gets many of the loved ones involved, with most of the family holding candles throughout the service and most of them offering prayers in front of the casket. The whole family will then lead the deceased to his final resting place. Italians like t o make a big deal out of their ceremonies, most notably their wedding ceremonies and Christening services (Windsor-Communities.com). The Italian wedding has a few special traditions that are worth noting. One of these traditions is that the groom will carry a small piece of iron ore which is meant to ward off the evil eye. The other tradition unique to Italian weddings is when the bride and groom shatter a vase or piece of glass, they do this so that each piece will represent one year of happy marriage (CompletelyWeddings.com). Both events (weddings and Christenings) will be held in a church for a special service, and then will be followed by a special party afterwards. The party will usually include lots of families and friends, food, wine, and also music. The music typically played at these events will be Opera or anything that can be danced to. Italians love most styles of music, as it is a major part of their daily lives. Opera has the largest following in Italy because that is the origin of this style (Windsor-Communities.com). Below is a picture taken from CompletelyWeddings.com (the photographer is unknown), and it shows what a typical Italian wedding is like. 4E Domestication Much of Italy is covered in mountains which therefore include forests which are home to many different plants and trees. Tuscany, part of the northern region of Italy, has many trees which include beech, pine, fir, yew, oak, wild oak, and ash. The mountains of Tuscany are also home to animals like the fox, mountain goat, bear, and both the Apennine wolf and lynx (KidCyber.com). On top of the many trees and plants throughout the country, Italy has many herbs including rosemary, lavender and thyme. 4F Cities/States For most of Italys history the country was run by a dictator and for some time before that it was ruled by the Catholic Church with the Pope having control of the territory. Until 1948, the nation was ruled by different dictators. In 1948, after World War II, Italy switched over to become a Republic (EveryCulture.com). A Republic is the most common form of government, and it is basically where citizens of a nation have the ability to help control the government. A Republic government leaves a lot of room for change, but the static point is that citizens have the right to vote for their elected officials (WiseGeek.com). Italy is currently led by the Head of State Giorgio Napolitano. Napolitano was elected, as is any Head of State, for a seven year term by the Electoral College. Below Napolitano is Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi who was elected for a 5 year term. Italian government is easy to understand because it is very similar to the United States government (Fco.gov). An interest ing point when looking at Italy and their form of government is the Vatican City, which is the only surviving city-state left in the world. A city-state is, as stated by Professor Kuba from class, a political system of an independent city to rule over a fixed area. The Vatican City has not always been an independent state though, as it was only made to be its own state in 1929 due to a treaty that was signed between the city and Italy. The ruler of the Vatican is not necessarily an elected official either, because the leader of the Vatican is actually the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope to the rest of the Catholic community. The Vatican City is actually very small in land size, as it is only slightly larger than The Mall in Washington, DC (Buzzle.com). 4G Social Stratification To judge if a society is socially stratified, we look at three main traits which include prestige, power, and economic resources/wealth. It is difficult to place Italy in any of the categories, but it is best represented by a Class Society due to the unequal access to everything. The major differences within the nation fall between the northern and southern parts of Italy. The unemployment rate of the nation is very high, which causes the differences in wealth to be highly noticeable. Wealth is especially apparent in immigrants because they typically come from poorer countries. Lower classes have been affected recently by budget cuts to the welfare system which were required by the European Union (which Italy founded in 1957). The most prominent markers of social class are speech and dress. The closer ones dialect is to the national language, it is common that the speaker is wealthier than others. Also, fashion is a big deal in Italy, and it is also a statement in class. Certain desi gners or labels will be out of reach for the lower class, and they will stand out because of how up to date Italy is with fashion. Another factor to judge someone by is the amount and style of their leisure time. Where a person goes for a vacation, the amount of time they spend there, and where they stay are usually good ways to gauge an Italians social status. Fashion, leisure, and food are three key factors when looking at Italian culture. Two of these have been discussed; the third and not yet talked about is food. Food is a universal constant and no matter what your social status, you will eat it. Food can also help gauge a persons social status by what kind of food they are eating. Meat will usually be eaten mainly by the wealthy, while the less fortunate will stick to just Pasta or simpler foods (EveryCulture.com). In Italy there are differences in classes, but there are no noticeable different groups. The only difference lies within a persons social status, such as their pres tige, power, or economic resources. 4H Marital Residency and Kinship Italy is not unique in any real fashion when it comes to marriage practices in comparison to the rest of the world. When it comes to marriage, Italians have followed practices common throughout. In the past, marriages were typically arranged by the parents and the daughter would bring a sum of money to the husband at the time of the wedding. It was not uncommon though for the son or daughter to have the chance to influence their parents decision, and this practice was much easier for the poorer class. Most people in Italy will eventually marry, but it is not unheard of to have a restriction for the child to hold off marriage so they can care for their older parents. When the marriage does take place, most couples will move in with the brides parents and follow the matrilocal residency. Alongside of this, it is typical for two nuclear families to live together (EveryCulture.com). Kinship in Italy is a little more difficult to understand. Italy and people of Italian decent are known for their large families, so the question is, how are they related? The family will typically extend and include both the fathers and mothers side of the family. There a couple of generalizations that can be drawn from Italian kinship. One of these is the bond that is typically found between the males of a family and to his mothers sisters. It is believed that is due to the fact that the son chooses to be with the more loving side, rather than the strict side that the father offers. Following this line of thinking, it would mean that I would be really close with my two aunts from my mothers side but have a typical, not resistant, relationship with those on my fathers side of the family. 4I Religion and Magic Religion is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices pertaining to the supernatural (Notes). Religion is also one universal constant. No matter when or where society has existed, signs of some form of religion or magic have been found. As discovered through writings or archaeological sites, Italy is no different. Witches and sorcerers are now all but forgotten, but they used to hold a strong position in the past. These practices led many to believe in spells, charms, and many different types of omens. Many of these beliefs have succeeded to modern day religion, but some people still believe in this ancient line of thinking. Italy, home to the Vatican City (the home of the Catholic Church), is a highly religious country. Over 90% of all of Italy is Roman Catholic, with the other religions being a mix of Jews, Muslims, and Orthodox. Italy is full of religious history, with Rome and the Vatican being the focal point for tourist attraction. The cities are full of churches and religious relics, and people flock from around the world to view them first hand. The Roman Catholic Church is very strict with its practices and holds many events throughout the year. The main holidays celebrated in Catholicism are the Immaculate Conception, Christmas, Easter, and the Pentecost. These are celebrated throughout the world, but for a nation nearly all Catholic, they are very important. In Italy, death and the celebration of the death are regarded as highly important. Most Italians believe in the afterlife, and view heaven and hell as reality (going along with Catholicism, they also believe in Purgatory). The funeral for a deceased loved one is held in a funeral home, and Italians view attendance as mandatory. Missing the funeral of a loved one can cause serious harm to that persons relationship with other friends and family (EveryCulture.com). So far I have identified Italy by three major things: family, friends, and food. Religion, and specifically Catholicism, can be added to this list. The Vatican City Home to the Catholic Church, a religion followed by over 90% of Italy 4J Linguistics The official language of Italy, not surprisingly, is Italian. Italian is the number one used language, while German is second, and French and Slovene have a small role in the nations linguistic history (Cia.gov). Italian has a long history, and it is said to be a part of the Romance group, a subplot of the Indo-European family. All Romance languages were spawned from Latin, and Italy is the one that closest resembles it to this day. One issue with the Italian language has always been the number of different dialects found within the country. Dating back to the early 13th century, different dialects can be found in different regions, and this caused many different writings and schools of thought in numerous dialects. It was not until the 17th century, when Tuscany began to be one of the most successful regions in the nation that the Tuscan dialect began to take over and is now considered to be the true national language and dialect. The earliest form of the written word of Italian is said to be from the 13th century, where we find numerous popular plays and stories. Dante Alighieri is one of Italys most famous authors for his work, Devine Comedy, which was written in Latin. The Italian language is basically entirely derived from Latin, and Latin is the official language of the Vatican City (Italian.about.com). The Italian language has a less than half of the letters that English does, as their language only has 14 letters. Italian is a very romantic language, and because of this many common Italian phrases are well known to much of the English speaking society.   4K Sex and Gender Italy is surprisingly equal when it comes to gender roles. I would have viewed Italian culture as very old fashioned, with women staying at home while the husband went off to work, but this is not entirely true. It could be said they are old fashioned in the sense that they have stuck to their almost original gender roles, but that means the men and women are treated as equals. Archaeological sites have shown evidence that men and women were almost equal in the amount of work they contributed to society. In modern society, prior to World War II, men would be the ones who went to work while the woman would stay at home, but these practices have changed and stayed the same since. Now, men and women are equals in every aspect of Italian culture. The numbers of men and women enrolled in universities and the work force is almost the same throughout Italy. Women still hold the same role as the leader of home life, but have taken on new roles to make themselves equals with men in social, ec onomic, and political areas of life. These facts show that Italian women are the most liberated in all of Europe (EveryCulture.com). One major difference between Italian men and women is the effects of having a child. Italian men typically have little to do with the child rearing process and offer little support and guidance to the mother. This absence leaves a very heavy job for the mother to handle alone. The job market is very tough, and it is nearly impossible for a mother of even one child to re-enter the job market after a short absence. This puts a strain on a family because of the difficulty it brings to the family because they have to live off of one income. These facts have caused a dramatic decrease in the amount of children being born in todays Italy (Family.jrank.org). 4L Genetics and Evolution The first sign of any human life comes from nearly 200,000 years ago when signs of human remains were found at villages excavated just west of Rome. The evidence of the existence of Homo Erectus humans is shown with the flint axes that were excavated from this site. About 100,000 years old, signs of more humans were found in Rome, and these people are believed to have been Neanderthals. In terms of modern day Italians, the first existence of modern day humans came about in 10,000 BC during the Upper Palaeolithic. Stone tools and engravings of animals in caves and on bones have been excavated from these sites. The engravings were not as detailed or impressive in comparison with those found elsewhere in Europe such as in France and Spain. It is believed that this is a sign that the population of Italy was rather small at this period in time (HistoryForKids.org). List of Resources http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Italy.html Used for general information throughout the project https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html Used for: 3A, 3B, 4J http://italy1.com/history/ Used for 3B http://www.goabroad.info/Italy.html?gID=3207 Used for 3C http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/italy/it.html Used for basic search engine http://mapsandflags.com/it.html Used for general information http://goeurope.about.com/cs/italy/a/pompeii.htm Used for information on Pompeii http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/pompeii/ss/BrothelsPompeii_2.htm Used for Pompeii brother picture, Corinne Gill http://www.italyheaven.co.uk/manners.html Used for 4D http://www.windsor-communities.com/italian-traditions.php Used for 4D http://completelyweddings.com/ethnic-wedding-themes/ Used for 4D http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/italyflora.htm Used for 4E http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1108/897192220_3020362cf4.jpg?v=0 Used for Pine Forest in Tuscany, Italy picture http://www.caninest.com/types-of-wolf/ Used for Apennine wolf picture http://bubbles6612.wordpress.com/2007/11/ Used for Apennine mountains picture http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-republican-form-of-government.htm Used for 4F http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/italy/ Used for 4F http://www.buzzle.com/articles/vatican-city-facts.html Used for 4F http://www.mapsofworld.com/flags/vatican-city-flag.html Used for picture of the flag of the Vatican City http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/pages/Popes-appeal-for-Mid-East-peace-falls-on-surprisingly-deaf-ears-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html Used for picture of Vatican City http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa060699a.htm Used for 4J http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/language/italian-phrases.html Used for 4J and phrase chart http://family.jrank.org/pages/979/Italy-Education-Gender-Roles.html Used for 4K http://coquinadaily.com/daily/htmldaily/080305.shtml Used for picture in 4L http://www.lifeinitaly.com/potpourri/fun-facts.asp Used for 4M http://fragmentssynapses.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/thermometer.jpg Used for thermometer picture http://stephaniedoes.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/easiestloaf.jpg Used for picture of bread http://jonjonsmith.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/mcshit.jpg Used for picture of cologne http://www.webweaver.nu/clipart/img/entertainment/music/baby-grand-piano.jpg Used for picture of piano http://www.thedailygreen.com/cm/thedailygreen/images/1-30days-pour-wine-lg-63555269.jpg Used for picture of wine

Paranoia: Creator of Mental Instability and Isolation :: essays research papers

When Daru, a French schoolteacher, is forced to take in an Arab accused of murder, his mind suffers from paranoiac delusions. Daru’s doubts about the mental soundness of the Arab leave him feeling abnormally isolated and persecuted by unknown enemies. In â€Å"The Teacher† by Arnold Shiller, paranoia forms a self-imposed isolation and creates mental instability. Living in an isolated region of a French colony, possibly Algeria, Daru does not feel alone. As a schoolteacher, his current state of solitude is created by a snowstorm, a force of nature he cannot control. Daru is aware of the people suffering from the snowstorm, such as his students, and constantly mulls over their situation to entertain himself. Though Daru lives in a remote schoolhouse, this harsh region is home to him because â€Å"Everywhere else, he felt exiled† (54). Though physically removed from people, Daru is mentally close and awaiting their return after the snowstorm ends. He cannot be isolated because humanity still envelops his home. Daru’s paranoia emerges when his friend Balducci brings an Arab accused of murder to his schoolhouse. Daru immediately notices the unpleasant aspects of the Arab, such as his huge lips, feverish eyes, and rebellious look, but he still unties the hands of the Arab with some compassion. When Balducci announces that Daru must deliver the Arab to Tinguit, Daru is surprised and reluctant to do so because it violates his principles. But Balducci’s paranoia begins to infect Daru, and when Daru asks â€Å"’Is he against us?’†, Balducci replies with â€Å"’I don’t think so. But you can never be sure’† (56). Daru suddenly feels wrathful towards the Arab and all men for their spite, hates, and lusts, isolating himself from others through this new hatred. Thus, Daru silently accepts the pistol that Balducci hands over to him, realizing that it could be of use in the future, possibly for murder. Daru’s flash of wrath passes qui ckly, though, and he stands fast on his resolution not to hand over the Arab, preferring to insult Balducci rather than violate his beliefs. Once Balducci leaves, Daru feels isolated, though the Arab sits on the floor, because he is afraid of the Arab who, â€Å"without stirring, never took his eyes off him† (58). This paranoiac isolation makes Daru stick the revolver in his pocket as a confirmation of his fear, similar to Oedipa Maas’ useless search for human companionship as a confirmation of her isolation.

Rational vs. Non-Rational Propaganda Essay

There are two kinds of propaganda – rational propaganda in favor of action that is consonant with the enlightened self-interest of those who make it and those to whom it is addressed, and non-rational propaganda that is not consonant with anybody’s enlightened self-interest, but is dictated by, and appeals to, passion. Were the actions of individuals are concerned there are motives more exhalted than enlightened self-interest, but where collective action has to be taken in the fields of politics and economics. Enlightened self-interest is probably the highest of effective motives. If politicians and their component always acted to promote their own or their country’s long-range self-interest, this world would be an earthly paradise. As it is, they often act against their own interests, merely to gratify their least credible passions; the world, in consequence, is a place of misery. Propaganda in favor of action that is consonant with enlightened self-interest appeals to reason by means of logical arguments based upon the best available evidence fully and honestly set forth. Propaganda in favor of action dictated by the impulses that are below self-interest offers false, distorted or incomplete evidence, which avoids logical argument and seeks to influence its victims by the mere repetition of catchwords. In regard to propaganda and the early advocates of universal literacy and a free press visualize only two possibilities: that propaganda might be true, or it might be false. They did not forsee what in fact has happened. In Brave New World non-stop distractions of the most fascinating nature (the feelies, orgy-porgy, centrifugal bumblepuppy) are deliberately used as instruments of policy, for the purpose of preventing people from paying too much attention to the realities of the social and political situations. The other world of religion is different from the other world of entertainment; but they resemble one another in being most decidedly â€Å"not of this world† A society, most of whose members spend a great part of their time, not on the spot, not here and now and in the calculable future, but somewhere else, in the irrelevant other worlds of sport and soap operas. In their propaganda today’s dictators rely for the most part on repetition, supression and rationalization – the repetition of catchwords which they wish to be accepted as true, the supression of facts which they wish to be ignored, the arousal and rationalization of passions which may be used in the interests of the Party or the State. As the art and science of manipulation come to be better understood, the dictators of the future will doubtless learn to combine these techniques with the non-stop distractions which, in the West, are now threatening to drown in a sea of irrelevance the rational propaganda essential to the maintenance of individual liberty and the survival of democratic institutions.

Personality and Emotions Exam Essay Example

Personality and Emotions Exam Essay Example Personality and Emotions Exam Paper Personality and Emotions Exam Paper Which of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? Chapter 4 Personality and Emotions MULTIPLE CHOICE Personality 1. Personality is: a. always stable. b. a part of a person. c. an aggregate whole. d. comprised of traits that cannot be measured. (c; Easy; p. 93) 2. An individual’s personality is determined by: a. heredity. b. environment. c. situational factors. d. all of the above (d; Easy; p. 94) 3. Which of the following is a personality determinant? a. heredity b. environment c. both a and b d. neither a nor b (c; Easy; pp. 94-95) 4.Which of the following personality shaping forces is not environmental? a. parents’ height b. experience c. Protestant ethic d. culture (a; Moderate; p. 95) 5. Factors that are considered environmental influences on our personality include all the following except: a. birth order. b. heredity. c. culture. d. family norms. (b; Moderate; p. 95) 6. If personality characteristics were completely dictated by ______, they would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them. a. job satisfaction b. heredity c. environment d. situation (b; Moderate; p. 95) 7. â€Å"Bob is easy-going at home, but at work he becomes very tense and anxious. This statement attributes Bob’s personality more to which of the following? a. heredity b. environment c. situation d. locus of control (c; Moderate; p. 95) 8. All of the following are listed as part of the â€Å"Sixteen Primary Traits† except: a. communicative. b. practical. c. trusting. d. submissive. (a; Challenging; Exh. 4-2; p. 97) 9. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, ____ are conceptualizers. a. INTJs b. ESTJs c. ENTPs d. MBTIs (c; Moderate; p. 96) 10. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator examines all of the following except: a. extroverted/introverted. b. sensing/intuitive. c. perceiving/judging. . intelligent/challenged. (d; Easy; p. 96) 11. Choose the word that best describes an ESTJ. a. quiet b. domineering c. reser ved d. organizer (d; Challenging; p. 96) 12. A personality attribute that has potential for predicting behavior in organizations is: a. Machiavellianism. b. type A personality. c. locus of control. d. all of the above (d; Easy; p. 97) 13. Which of the following is not included in the Big Five model? a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. gregariousness d. emotional stability (c; Easy; p. 97) 14. Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others? . extraversion b. agreeableness c. emotional stability d. openness to experience (b; Moderate; p. 97) 15. Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability? a. extraversion b. agreeableness c. emotional stability d. openness to experience (c; Moderate; p. 97) 16. People who consistently believe they control their own destinies have a: a. high extroversion. b. high internal locus of control. c. Type A personality. d. high propensity for risk-taking. (b; Easy; p. 97) 17. Indi viduals who rate high in externality (external locus of control): a. are less satisfied with their jobs. . have lower absenteeism rates. c. are less alienated from the work setting. d. are more involved on their jobs. (a; Challenging; p. 97) 18. All of the following are characteristic traits of people with a high external locus of control with the exception of which of the following? a. They are less satisfied with their jobs. b. They have higher absenteeism rates. c. They are less alienated from the work setting. d. They are less involved on their jobs. (c; Moderate; p. 98) 19. People with an internal locus of control tend to: a. quit their jobs more often than those with an external locus of control. b. uit their jobs less often than those with an external locus of control. c. perform better on their jobs. d. start their own businesses. (c; Moderate; p. 98) 20. A person who believes that ends can justify means can be said to have the characteristic of: a. authoritarianism. b. Mach iavellianism. c. external locus of control. d. risk-taking. (b; Easy; p. 99) 21. An individual high in Machiavellianism is best described as: a. maintaining emotional distance, being highly authoritative, believing in swift discipline. b. being impulsive, emotionally involved, and having strong ethical beliefs. c. eing pragmatic, maintaining emotional distance, and believing ends can justify means. d. tending to make a poor manager. (c; Moderate; p. 99) 22. High Machs: a. manipulate more. b. are persuaded less. c. win more. d. all of the above (d; Moderate; p. 99) 23. _____ is the degree to which people like or dislike themselves. a. Self-esteem b. Authoritarianism c. Locus of control d. Machiavellianism (a; Moderate; p. 100) 24. People high in the trait self-esteem: a. are less likely to take unpopular stands than low SEs. b. tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than low SEs. c. tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than low SEs. . tend to be more concerned with pleasing o thers than low SEs. (b; Challenging; p. 100) 25. High SEs: a. believe they possess more of the ability they need in order to succeed in work. b. will take more risks in job selection. c. are less susceptible to external influences than low SEs. d. all of the above (d; Challenging; p. 100) 26. How would you describe an individual who is capable of presenting striking contradictions between who they are in public and who they are privately? a. low self-esteem b. high self-esteem c. low self-monitoring d. high self-monitoring (d; Moderate; p. 100) 27. Low self-monitors: a. ave a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do. b. can disguise themselves well. c. tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors. d. tend to be more mobile in their careers. (c; Challenging; p. 100) 28. Which of the following has the highest risk-taking propensity? a. an accountant performing auditing activities b. a stock trader in a brokerage firm c. a compute r technologist d. a marketing representative (b; Moderate; pp. 100-101) 29. An individual who is aggressively involved in a chronic incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time is a(n): a.Type A. b. Type B. c. Type AB. d. extrovert. (a; Easy; p. 101) 30. Which of the following is true of the Type A personality? a. The Type A is more successful than the Type B. b. Type A’s can play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit superiority. c. Type A’s are obsessed with numbers and measure their success in terms of how much of everything they acquire. d. Type A’s feel no need to discuss their achievements. (c; Moderate; p. 101) 31. All of the following are characteristics of Type A personality except which of the following? a. They operate under moderate to high levels of stress. b. They are faster workers. . They feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place. d. They feel no need to display or discuss either their achievement or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. (d; Moderate; p. 101) 32. A Type A personality would be most likely to: a. be easy going. b. enjoy leisure and quiet time. c. eat his meals quickly. d. concentrate on only one task at a time. (c; Easy; p. 101) 33. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Type B personality? a. never suffers from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience b. plays for fun and relaxation c. trives to think or do two or more things at once d. can relax without guilt (c; Moderate; p. 101 ) 34. Which of the following is a true statement? a. We would expect to find more Type A’s in a capitalistic country. b. It is estimated that about 25% of the North American population is Type A. c. There are common personality types for a given country. d. We should expect that most North Americans would have an external locus of control. (a; Challenging; pp. 101-102) 35. ____ demonstrate their competitiveness by wor king long hours and not infrequently, making poor decisions because they make them too fast. . High SEs b. Type As c. Type Bs d. Self-monitors (b; Easy; pp. 101-102) 36. What percentage of North Americans are Type A personality? a. 10% b. 30% c. 50% d. 75% (c; Challenging; p. 102) 37. Holland’s theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where: a. personality and occupation are in agreement. b. an individual is highly motivated. c. salary is high. d. employees have an education. (a; Easy; p. 103) 38. People in ____believe that life is essentially preordained. a. America b. Canada c. Middle Eastern countries d. Brazil c; Moderate; p. 102) 39. Which one of the following statements is true about the six personality types developed in Holland’s personality-job fit theory? a. People basically have similar personalities. b. Diagonally opposite types are most alike. c. Satisfaction is high when one’s personality type is con gruent with his or her work environment. d. Organizations can teach a person to have the proper personality type. (c; Moderate; pp. 103-104) 40. The â€Å"realistic† personality from Holland’s typology of personality and congruent occupations would be well suited for which of the following jobs? . painter b. accountant c. mechanic d. lawyer (c; Challenging; Exh. 4-3; p. 104) 41. The â€Å"enterprising† personality from Holland’s typology of personality and congruent occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics? a. imaginative, disorderly, idealistic b. shy, genuine, persistent c. sociable, friendly, cooperative d. self-confident, ambitious, energetic (d; Moderate; Exh. 4-3; p. 104) 42. _______ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160 occupational titles. a. Maslow b. Holland c. Hofstede d. Herzberg (b; Easy; p. 103) 43.Since the rise of scientific management, organizations have been specif ically designed with the objective of trying to control emotions. This is known as: a. the affective component of emotions. b. the myth of rationality. c. cognitive dissonance. d. emotional negation. (b; Moderate; p. 105) 44. _____ is (are) less intense feelings which lack a contextual stimulus. a. Internal stimuli b. Affect c. Emotions d. Moods (d; Moderate; p. 106) 45. ______ theory suggested people in job environments congruent with their personality types should be more satisfied and are less likely to voluntarily resign than should people in incongruent jobs. . Holland’s person-job fit b. Nunnally’s Big Five c. Hofstede’s d. The GLOBE team’s (a; Easy; p. 1-4) 46. _____ is (are) reactions to an object, not a trait. They are object-specific. a. Internal stimuli b. Affect c. Emotions d. Moods (c; Moderate; p. 106) 47. Which of the following is not true concerning emotions? a. Some emotions can reduce employee performance. b. Employees bring an emotional component with them to work every day. c. The role of emotions does not have to be studied in organizational behavior. d. In the past, emotions were rarely viewed as being constructive. c; Moderate; pp. 105-106) 48. If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions, _____ is being expended. a. emotional labor b. negative synergy c. dissonance d. emotional intelligence (a; Easy; p. 106) 49. _____ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience. a. Affect b. Emotions c. Moods d. Emotional labor (a; Easy; p. 106) 50. Which of the following is not true with respect to the role that emotions play in the workplace? a. Ability to effectively manage emotions may be critical to success in leadership positions. . Emotions can hinder performance. c. Emotions can enhance performance. d. Emotional labor recognizes that feelings should be stifled because they are not part of a job’s required behavior. (d; Challengin g; p. 106) 51. Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job are termed: a. felt emotions. b. displayed emotions. c. conditional emotions. d. exposed emotions. (b; Moderate; p. 106) 52. _____ are an individual’s actual emotions. a. Felt emotions b. Displayed emotions c. Conditional emotions d. Exposed emotions (a; Moderate; p. 106) 53. ____ are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. a. Felt emotions b. Displayed emotions c. Conditional emotions d. Exposed emotions (b; Moderate; p. 106) 54. _____ is when an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions. a. Felt emotions b. Displayed emotions c. Conditional emotions d. Exposed emotions (d; Moderate; pp. 106-107) 55. Which of the following is not one of the six universal emotions? a. anger b. fear c. hate d. sadness (c; Moderate; p. 107) 56. People who have a lack of emotion suffer from: a. self-awareness. b. alexithymia. . felt emotions. d. displayed emotions. (b; Moderate; p. 109) 57. Which of the following statements is not true about the difference between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions and ability to read others? a. Women show greater emotional expression. b. Men express emotions more intensely. c. Men express anger more frequently. d. Women are better at reading nonverbal cues. (b; Moderate; pp. 109-110) 58. Which of the following is not true concerning cultural influences impacting emotions? a. Cultural factors influence what is or isn’t considered as emotionally appropriate. b.What’s acceptable in one culture may seem unusual or even dysfunctional in another. c. All cultures agree on the interpretation they give to emotions. d. There tends to be high agreement on what emotions mean within cultures. (c; Moderate; pp. 110-111) 59. Which of the following is not a dimension of emotional intelligence? a. self-awareness b. self-management c. self-motivation d. self-evalu ation (d; Moderate; p. 111) 60. _____ refers to an assortment of noncognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influence a person’s ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures. a.Emotional intelligence b. IQ c. Learned intelligence d. Aptitude (a; Easy; p. 111) 61. Leaving early, sabotage, gossiping, and verbal abuse are examples of: a. involuntary actions that violate norms. b. employee deviance. c. emotional labor. d. emotional quotient factors. (b; Moderate; p. 113) TRUE/FALSE Personality 62. All our behavior is somewhat shaped by our personalities. (True; Easy; p. 94) 63. Personality is the sum total of the way in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. (True; Easy; p. 94) 64. Personality looks at the parts of the person rather than the aggregate whole. False; Easy; p. 94) 65. An adult’s personality is now generally considered to be made up of both hereditary and environmental factors, moderated by situational c onditions. (True; Moderate; pp. 94-95) 66. Researchers have found that genetics accounts for about 50 percent of the personality differences and more than 30 percent of the variation in occupational and leisure interests in studies of identical twins. (True; Challenging; p. 94) 67. If personality characteristics were completely dictated by heredity, they would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them. (True; Moderate; p. 95) 68.A trait can be described as a characteristic or behavior that is consistently exhibited in a large number of situations. (True; Moderate; p. 96) 69. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a 100-question personality test that types four characteristics into sixteen personality types. (True; Easy; p. 96) 70. Certain situations are more relevant than others in influencing personality. True; Moderate; p. 95) 71. A recent study of contemporary businesspeople who created supersuccessful firms found that all of these individuals were NTs. (True; Challe nging; pp. 96-97) 72. INTJs are visionaries. (True; Moderate; p. 96) 73.ESTJs are organizers. (True; Moderate; p. 96) 74. The ENTP type is a conceptualizer. (True; Moderate; p. 96) 75. If you were looking for an employee who was an organizer, you would probably choose one whose type is INTJ. (False; Challenging; p. 96) 76. A substantial body of research supports the MBTI as a valid measure of personality. (False; Easy; p. 97) 77. An impressive body of research supports that five basic personality dimensions underlie all others. (True; Moderate; p. 97) 78. The Big Five Model factor termed â€Å"extroversion† is probably a good predictor of job performance in most professions. (False; Challenging; p. 7) 79. Conscientiousness refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others. (False; Moderate; p. 97) 80. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they are masters of their own fate. (True; Easy; p. 98) 81. Individuals who rate high in external locus o f control are more satisfied with their jobs and have lower absenteeism rates. (False; Moderate; pp. 98-99) 82. Individuals who have an internal locus of control tend to have lower absence rates. (True; Challenging; p. 99) 83. Overall evidence is that employees with an internal locus of control tend to perform better on their jobs. True; Challenging; p. 99) 84. Externals should do well in jobs that are well structured and routine and in which success depends heavily on complying with the direction of others. (True; Challenging; p. 99) 85. An individual low in Machiavellianism is pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means. (False; Moderate; p. 99) 86. Janet keeps emotional distance from her coworkers and believes that the ends can justify the means. Janet would rate high in Machiavellianism. (True; Moderate; pp. 99-100) 87. Self-esteem is directly related to expectations for success. (True; Moderate; p. 100) 88.Individuals with high SE are more likely to choose unconventional jobs. (True; Challenging; p. 100) 89. In managerial positions, low SEs will tend to be concerned with pleasing others. (True; Moderate; p. 100) 90. Low SEs tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than high SEs. (False; Moderate; p. 100) 91. Self-monitoring refers to an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. (True; Easy; p. 100) 92. Self-monitoring is the trait that considers the degree to which a person likes or dislikes himself. (False; Easy; p. 100) 93. Low self-monitors show high behavioral consistency. True; Moderate; p. 100) 94. Low risk-takers make more rapid decisions. (False; Moderate; pp. 100-101) 95. The evidence demonstrates that decision accuracy is the same for high and low risk-taking managers. (True; Moderate; p. 101) 96. Individuals with Type A personalities exhibit those characteristics highly prized by the North American culture. (True; Moderate; p. 101) 97. Zack is always moving and is impatient. He prefers w ork to leisure and seems obsessed with numbers. Zack is probably a Type B. (False; Easy; p. 101) 98. Type A personalities are never concerned with time. (False; Easy; p. 101) 9. Type B personalities feel no need to display or discuss their achievements unless such exposure is demanded by the situation. (True; Moderate; p. 101) 100. Type B’s tend to operate under more stress than Type A’s. (False; Easy; p. 101) 101Type As tend to be creative. (False; Challenging; p. 102) 102. The five personality factors identified in the Big Five Model appear in almost all cross-cultural studies. (True; Challenging; p. 102) 103. Each country has a common personality type. (False; Moderate; p. 102) 104. It is estimated that about 50 percent of the North American population is Type A. True, Moderate, p. 102) 105. Individuals with Holland’s â€Å"investigative† personality are well suited for careers as small business managers. (False; Challenging; Exh. 4-3; p. 104) 106. Hol land’s â€Å"conventional† personality, placed in the position of a cost accountant, is likely to be dissatisfied and quit. (False; Moderate; Exh. 4-3; p. 104) 107. Moods are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. (False; Moderate; p. 106) 108. The concept of emotional labor originally developed in relation to service jobs. (True; Challenging; p. 106) 109. Displayed emotions are innate. (False; Moderate; p. 06) 110. Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions. (True; Easy; p. 106) 111. Research has identified six universal emotions: anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise. (True; Challenging; pp. 107-108) 112. People who suffer from alexithymia are well suited for managerial positions. (False; Moderate; p. 109) 113. Evidence confirms there is no real difference between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions and ability to read others. (False; Easy; pp. 109-110) 114. There tends to be high agreement on what em otions mean within cultures, but not between. (True; Moderate; p. 11) 115. People who are good at reading others’ emotions may be more effective in their jobs. (True; Easy; p. 111) 116. Actions called â€Å"employee deviance† are voluntary actions. (True; Challenging; p. 113) SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS Application of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina, and farsightedness. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of each of the applicants. Use your knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose people for the following situations. 17. You need to choose a lead person for the team. This person must have great vision and must have an original mind with great drive. You will probably pick: a. ENTP. b. INTJ. c. ENFP. d. ISFP. (b; Challenging; pp. 96-97) 118. You are looking for an organizer, a person on whom you can depend to be practic al and realistic. You will probably pick: a. ESTJ. b. ENTP. c. ISFP. d. INTJ. (a; Challenging; pp. 96-97) 119. You need a person who is innovative, individualistic, versatile, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. You will probably choose: a. INTJ. b. ISFP. c.ENTP. d. ESFJ. (c; Challenging; pp. 96-97) Application of the Big Five Model You are the manager of a small boutique. You have decided to apply the Big Five Model in order to understand your employees and their work habits because it is generally supported by an impressive body of research. You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match individuals with jobs to which they are well-suited. 120. Michelle Jackson, one of your newest employees, is an extrovert. Which of the following statements is not true? a. You should expect Michelle to perform well as a salesperson. . Michelle will probably have a large number of relationships. c. Michelle will be friendly and outgoing. d. Michelle will be quite comfortable with solitude. (d; Moderate; p. 97) 121. You know that your customers are demanding and sometimes difficult. Which personality dimension taps a person’s ability to withstand stress? a. extroversion b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. emotional stability (d; Moderate; p. 97) 122. Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness. You should expect that she: a. will be easily distracted. b. will find comfort in the familiar. . will be nervous, depressed, and insecure. d. will be comfortable with solitude. (a; Challenging; p. 97) 123. Which of the five factors of personality will probably be most important in predicting organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)? a. extroversion b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. emotional stability (c; Challenging; p. 98) Application of Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB Mary Wood is a new manager. She recognizes that personality attributes can help to explain and predict employee behavior. 124. Mary’s employee, Bob, has a low ab senteeism rate.He takes responsibility for his health and has good health habits. He is likely to have: a. an internal locus of control. b. an external locus of control. c. a high Mach score. d. a high emotional stability level. (b; Moderate; pp. 98-101) 125. Mary has an opening for a position requiring a lot of face to face interaction with others. She should identify the employee with ______ for a good fit. a. a high Mach score b. a low Mach score c. an internal locus of control d. an external locus of control (a; Challenging; pp. 98-101) 126. Another position requires an employee who can take unpopular stands.She should identify the employee with ___ for a good fit. a. a high SE b. a low SE c. an internal locus of control d. an external locus of control (a, Challenging; pp. 98-101) Application of Person-Job Fit Theory You have decided to use Holland’s Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations to help your friends who are college seniors understand for which jobs th ey would be well-suited. Monica is shy, stable and persistent. Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations. Jessica is idealistic and impractical but very imaginative.Walter is efficient and practical, but he lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. 127. Monica is majoring in interior design. Her personality type is â€Å"realistic† according to Holland’s Typology. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Monica’s personality type is well-suited to her major. b. Monica is better suited to be a bank teller. c. Someone with an â€Å"artistic† personality type would be better suited to a major in interior design. d. Interior design is a congruent occupation with a â€Å"social† personality type. (c; Challenging; Exh. 4-3; pp. 103-104) 128.Which of your friends is best suited to being an accountant? a. Walter b. Neil c. Jessica d. Monica (a; Moderate; Exh. 4-3; pp. 103-104) 129. Which of your friends is most likely to find a successful career as a writer? a. Walter b. Neil c. Jessica d. Monica (c; Moderate; Exh. 4-3; pp. 103-104) 130. Who might be well-suited to being a lawyer? a. Walter b. Neil c. Jessica d. Monica (b; Moderate; Exh. 4-3; pp. 103-104) SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 131. List and describe the three determinants of personality. (Pages 94-95) Personality is determined by heredity, environment, and the situation.Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes. Among the factors that exert pressures on our personality formation are the culture in which we are raised; our early conditioning; the norms among our family, friends, and social groups; and other influences that we experience. These environmental factors play a substantial role in shaping our personalities. The situation influences the effects of heredity and environment on personality.An individual’s personality, although generally stable and consistent, does change in different situations. The different demands of different situations call forth different aspects of one’s personality. 132. Identify the five key traits in the Big Five personality model. (Page 97) The five key traits in the Big Five personality model are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Extroversion captures one’s comfort level with relationships. Agreeableness refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others. Conscientiousness is a measure of reliability.Emotional stability taps a person’s ability to withstand stress. Openness to experience addresses one’s range of interests and fascination with novelty. 133. What is locus of control? What is the difference between an internal and external locus of control? (Pages 97-98) A person’s per ception of the source of his or her fate is termed locus of control. Those who believe that they control their destinies have been labeled internals. Those who see their lives as being controlled by outside forces have been called externals. 134. Describe the Type A personality and its relationship to success. Pages 101-102) The Type A personality is always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; feels impatient with the rate at which most events take place; strives to think or do two or more things at once; cannot cope with leisure time; and is obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire. Despite the Type A’s hard work, the Type B’s are the ones who appear to make it to the top. 135. What is the â€Å"myth of rationality? † (Page 105) The myth of rationality is one possible explanation for little attention paid to emotions in the field of OB.Emotions such as frustration, fear, anger, love, hate, and jo y were the antithesis of rationality. Researchers and managers tried to create organizations that were emotion-free. We learned, however, that this was not possible since emotions are an inseparable part of everyday life. 136. What is the difference between felt emotions and displayed emotions? (Pages 106-107) You can better understand emotions if you separate them into felt versus displayed. Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions. In contrast, displayed emotions are those that are organizationally-required and considered appropriate in a given job.The key point here is that felt and displayed emotions are often different. MEDIUM LENGTH DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 137. Discuss the â€Å"Big Five† model of personality. (Page 97) The five-factor model of personality is typically called the â€Å"Big Five. † In addition to providing a unifying personality framework, research on the Big Five also has found important relationships between these personality dimens ions and job performance. The five key traits in the Big Five personality model are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Extroversion captures one’s comfort level with relationships.Agreeableness refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others. Conscientiousness is a measure of reliability. Emotional stability taps a person’s ability to withstand stress. Openness to experience addresses one’s range of interests and fascination with novelty. 138. Explain the differences among the following terms: affect, emotions, and moods. (Page 106) Affect is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience. It’s an umbrella concept that encompasses both emotions and moods. Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.Finally, moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and which lack a contextual stimulus. 139. Can people be emotionless? (Page 109) Some people have severe difficulty in expressing their emotions and understanding the emotions of others. Psychologists call this alexithymia (which is Greek for lack of emotion). People who suffer from alexithymia rarely cry and are often seen by others as bland and cold. Their own feelings make them uncomfortable, and they’re not able to discriminate among their different emotions. Additionally, they’re often at a complete loss to understand what others around them feel. 40. What is emotional intelligence? What are the five dimensions of emotional intelligence? (Page 109) Emotional intelligence refers to an assortment of noncognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influence a person’s ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressure. It’s composed of five dimensions. Self-awareness is being aware of what you’re feeling. Self-management is the ability to manage one’s own emotions and impulses. Self-motivation is the ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures. Empathy is the ability to sense how others are feeling.Social skills is the ability to handle the emotions of others. COMPREHENSIVE ESSAYS 141. What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and how might it be used by managers? (Pages 96-97) One of the most widely used personality frameworks is called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). It is essentially a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually feel or act in particular situations. On the basis of the answers individuals give to the test, they are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and perceiving or judging (P or J).These classifications are then combined into sixteen personality types. 142. Discuss Holland’s personality-job fit theory and its importance. (Pages 103-105) John Holland’s personality-job fit theory is based on the notion of fit between an individual’s personality characteristics and his or her occupational environment. Holland presents six personality types and proposes that satisfaction and the propensity to leave a job depend on the degree to which individuals successfully match their personalities to an occupational environment. Each one of the six personality types has a congruent occupational environment.The theory argues that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when personality and occupation are in agreement. 143. Discuss whether there are gender differences regarding emotions. (Pages 109-110) The evidence confirms differences between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions and ability to read others. In contrasting the genders, women show greater emotional expression than men; they experience emotions more intensely; and they display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions, except anger.In contrast to men, women also report more c omfort in expressing emotions. Finally, women are better at reading nonverbal and paralinguistic cues than are men. These differences may be explained by the way men and women have been socialized, that women may have more innate ability to read others and present their emotions than do men, and women may have a greater need for social approval, and thus a higher propensity to show positive emotions.

The Gold Rushes

The Gold Rushes What could be more American than the gold rush? Well, here are four of them. Californias was not the first nor the last. Earlier Gold Rushes While the 1849 Gold Rush is the one we capitalize, it was not the first gold rush. That one happened in North Carolina starting in 1803.  Not even coin collectors may know about that one, because unlike later gold rushes no federal mint was established there at the time. Nevertheless, all of Americas gold coinage from 1804 to 1828 was Carolina gold, shipped to Philadelphia for minting. The next gold rush happened in the hills of Georgia in 1828, in Cherokee country near the town of Dahlonega. A mint was duly established there, and the original D mint mark is found on coins from 1838 to 1861. A gold museum is there today, and historical markers around Lumpkin County point out mine after extinct mine. Another mint opened in Charlotte at this time to serve the mature gold mines of the Carolinas. The California Gold Rush Were all taught that early in 1848, on the 24th of January, James Marshall found gold nuggets in the flume of the water-driven mill he was building in Coloma, California Territory. The news took a while to build steam, but once it did California was swiftly transformed, and the Forty-Niner entered the worlds folklore. The Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park site has a good summary of the events of that day. There were parallels between Georgia and California. Hordes of outsiders poured in, stripped the land of the easy gold, and pushed out the original inhabitants. Soon the romantic- and destructive- prospectors and panners gave way to organized mining firms, which won the bulk of the wealth. A federal mint was established in both states to turn the gold dust into legal tender- Dahlonegas turned out gold coinage with the D mint mark until the Civil War began, and San Franciscos still makes specimen coins today with the S mark. (The original San Francisco mint is a cherished landmark building that survived the 1906 earthquake and fire, safeguarding its supply of money and helping fund the recovery.) Later Gold Rushes Lesser gold rushes over the next half-century left their traces elsewhere in the American West, in Nevada, Oregon, Colorado and Utah. The Colorado gold rush began in 1859, and many former Forty-Niners, themselves former twenty-eighters, set up diggings there. More natives were displaced, and another mint arose in Denver (again with the D mark) that still operates today. Some old coins bear a CC from the short-lived mint in Carson City, Nevada, which was not just a gold rush but a silver rush. But the classic gold rush ended with the turn of the century, starting in 1898 in the Klondike district of the Canadian Yukon and neighboring Alaska. This is the one that Charlie Chaplin reenacted in the movie The Gold Rush. Modern mining companies moved in quicker than ever, and the days of amateur gold hunters striking it rich ended. (North Ontarios major gold rush in 1910, for instance, was a fast-moving corporate affair.) By Chaplins time, just a generation later, history had become farce. Instead, gold-rush history has become a kind of pay dirt, and sites all over the Web serve up choice nuggets about the Klondikes glory days. Today the real money in gold belongs to serious miners, guided by serious geologists. Thus geology, the most practical science, creates the worlds wealth, and that is why the seal of the U.S. Geological Survey features mining tools. Some companies still work the old gold-rush grounds, but most of the diggings are anonymous waste lands today. PS: Many gold rush localities are fondly maintained today as attractive destinations for visitors and tourists. Try these: Columbia, CaliforniaCoos Canyon, MaineKlondike, AlaskaOld Sacramento, CaliforniaSkagway, AlaskaWickenburg, Arizona

The study of product development as the core in transforming medium Literature review

The study of product development as the core in transforming medium size businesses into large multi-national companies - Literature review Example Six different theoretical frameworks have been formulated to explain organizational transformation. They include life cycle, evolutionary, dialectical, teleological, social cognition and cultural approaches to change. Evolutionary models include social evolutionary and biological models. Here it is assumed that situational variables, circumstances and environment faced by each organization determine the change in each organization. Here very little role is given to people in determining the direction of change and change is considered as very slow process.The later version of these models assume managers having ability to respond and anticipate changes.Based on this theory, mergers are considered as a form of organizational transformation to respond to forces outside an organization. Through mergers, there can be overall change in the organizational structure of an existing corporation in a mature product market as a part of its growth strategy to survive in the industry. This happens when the results of the past investment decisions will not be able to produce assets or resources that can finance the activities. Thus, the process of mergers and acquisitions involves the reduction in the resources as a part of the reallocation to new growth areas. In the case of mergers, the firms receive a surplus than they obtain individually through the economies of scale. This surplus increases when the product demand is high and falls when it is low. ... Thus, the process of mergers and acquisitions involves the reduction in the resources as a part of the reallocation to new growth areas. In the case of mergers, the firms receive a surplus than they obtain individually through the economies of scale. This surplus increases when the product demand is high and falls when it is low (Lambrecht and Myers, 2004). In addition to these, during the economic downturns, the unproductive assets existing needs to be sold off to shareholders. The hesitancy of the management in doing so results in takeover activities (Maksimovic and Phillips, 2000).The takeover results in selling the unproductive assets to the acquirer of the firm and thereby reaching the proceeds of the takeovers to the shareholders. Thus mergers result in cost savings and revenue enhancement. The main criticisms of the evolutionary models include their base on mathematical field and not human fields, failure to explain change as a social phenomena, difficulty in linking environme ntal and organizational variables, etc(Collins,1998). The teleological models see change as the phenomenon resulting from the leaders’ perception of necessity to change. Here change is assumed to be dependent on internal decisions in accompany instead of external changes. This model gives the central role to leader and considers leader as a rational agent and change is explained on the basis of scientific management tools. Thus these models are considered as more human than the evolutionary models (Brill and Worth, 1997). This theory focuses on the need for leaders to motivate the followers rather than imposing their behaviour on followers (Trice and Beyer,

How Peer pressure can be turned into a positive Essay

How Peer pressure can be turned into a positive - Essay Example Peer pressure also motivates the youth. Despite the negative attributes often associated with peer pressure as being destructive to young people’s overall development, it has instrumentally uplifted youth from the depths of confusion and emotional turmoil to clear paths in life. Peer pressure is erroneously thought to only elicit negative effects amongst young people. However, this fails to consider the numerous positive benefits that can be gained from peer pressure. For example, peer pressure could act as a motivation because it boosts one’s morale in becoming better at certain things. Additionally, under motivation, children coming financially unstable homes find an impetus to work hard in their academic studies to get better jobs and earn handsome salaries. In the same capacity, motivation helps people in understanding different issues from multiple spectrums. Overall, it raises a person’s self-esteem and confidence. It is usually peer pressure through motivation, for example, that leads young people to embrace activities such as exercising to maintain healthy bodies. They also practice healthy habits that does not make susceptible to diseases. Integration of socialization skills is another way how peer pressure can be turned into a positive thing. This is because it enables the socializees to make friends that usually expand their networks in terms of opportunities and chances in life. Alternatively, socialization is a healthy exercise that inspires people to join different co-curricular activities such as drama, sports, and clubs among others to achieve popularity amongst their peers. Therefore, through socialization, citizens cultivate vital cultures of collective behavior and unity as benchmarks for group norms. In other words, peer groups interconnect its members through creating platforms for group conformity and group consensus. Identity formation is equally an integral merit emerging from peer pressure that is often overlooked. This